DEFINITION
Shin splints are a common lower extremity complaint, especially among runners and other athletes. Usually there is pain on the front or inside of the lower leg due to overexertion of the muscles. Pain usually starts gradually without any trauma, and might start as a dull ache along the front or inside of the shin (Tibia) after running or even walking. Small bumps and tender areas may become evident adjacent to the shin bone. The pain can become more intense if not addressed, and shin splints should not be left untreated because of an increased risk of developing stress fractures. Physical Therapy for Shin Splints usually involve small tears in the leg muscles where they are attached to the shin bone. The two types of shin splints are: anterior shin splints, in the front portion of the tibia; and posterior shin splints, occurring on the inside of the leg along the tibia.
CAUSE
Shin splints occur when the anterior leg muscles are stressed by running, especially on hard surfaces or extensively on the toes, or by sports that involve jumping. Shoe-wear that are worn out or don’t have enough shock absorption can also cause this condition. Both over-pronated (flat feet) and high arched feet can also cause this condition.
TREATMENT
Preventing shin splints should be by stretching and strengthening the leg muscles, wearing footwear with good shock absorption, and avoid running on hard surfaces or excessive running or jumping on the ball-of-the-foot. Insoles or orthotics that offer arch support for over-pronation or cavus feet are also important. It is also necessary to temporarily avoid the exercise that is causing the problem until pain subsides. Icing the area immediately after running or other exercise can also be effective, along with stretching before and after training. It is important not to try to train through the pain of shin splints. Runners should decrease their normal running distance for about a week and avoid hills or hard surfaces.
If the problem persists, consult your foot doctor.